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Philip the Good ((フランス語:Philippe le Bon), (オランダ語:Filips de Goede); 31 July 1396 – 15 June 1467) was Duke of Burgundy as Philip III from 1419 until his death. He was a member of a cadet line of the Valois dynasty (the then Royal family of France). During his reign Burgundy reached the height of its prosperity and prestige and became a leading center of the arts. Philip is known in history for his administrative reforms, patronage of Flemish artists such as Jan van Eyck, of Franco-Flemish composers such as Gilles Binchois, and the capture of Joan of Arc. During his reign he alternated between English and French alliances in an attempt to improve his dynasty's position. Moreover, as ruler of Flanders, Brabant, Limburg, Artois, Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland, Friesland and Namur, he played an important role in the history of the Low Countries. ==Family and early life== Born in 1396 in Dijon, Philip was the son of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria-Straubing.〔Richard Vaughan, ''John the Fearless: The Growth of Burgundian Power'', (The Boydell Press, 2010), 2.〕 His father, the son of the Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Bold, succeeded his father as duke in 1404.〔Richard Vaughan, ''John the Fearless: The Growth of Burgundian Power'', 4, 6.〕 On 28 January 1405, Philip was named Count of Charolais in appanage of the duke and probably on the same day, at the age of 8, became engaged to Michele of Valois (1395–1422), daughter of King Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria. They were married in June 1409.〔Richard Vaughan, ''Philip the Good: The Apogee of Burgundy'', (The Boydell Press, 2010), 8.〕 After Michelle's death, Philip on 30 November 1424 married Bonne of Artois (1393–1425),〔 daughter of Philip of Artois, Count of Eu, and also the widow of his uncle, Philip II, Count of Nevers, in Moulins-les-Engelbert. The latter is sometimes confused with Philip's biological aunt, also named Bonne (sister of John the Fearless, lived 1379–1399), in part due to the Papal dispensation required for the marriage which made no distinction between a marital aunt and a biological aunt. His third marriage, in Bruges on 7 January 1430 to Isabella of Portugal (1397 – December 17, 1471), daughter of John I of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster,〔Willem Pieter Blockmans and Walter Prevenier, ''The Promised Lands: The Low Countries under Burgundian Rule, 1369–1530'', (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999), 73.〕 produced three sons:〔Richard Vaughan, ''Philip the Good: The Apogee of Burgundy'', 132.〕 *Anthony (September 30, 1430, Brussels – February 5, 1432, Brussels), Count of Charolais; *Josse (April 24, 1432 – aft. May 6, 1432), Count of Charolais; *Charles (1433–1477), Count of Charolais and Philip's successor as Duke, called "Charles the Bold" or "Charles the Rash"〔Willem Pieter Blockmans and Walter Prevenier, ''The Promised Lands: The Low Countries under Burgundian Rule, 1369–1530'', 73.〕 Philip also had at least eighteen illegitimate children by various of his 24 documented mistresses, including: *Corneille of Burgundy (c. 1420 – 1452), captain-general/governor of Luxembourg.,〔Richard Vaughan, ''Philip the Good: The Apogee of Burgundy'', 196.〕 killed in the Battle of Bazel (1452); *Anthony, bastard of Burgundy, (1421–1504), lord of La Roche, Sainte-Menehould, Guînes, Lord of Crèvecoeur and Beveren; *David of Burgundy, (c. 1427 – 1496),〔Richard Vaughan, ''Philip the Good: The Apogee of Burgundy'', 227.〕 bishop of Therouanne and bishop of Utrecht,〔Ruth Putnam, ''Charles the Bold, last Duke of Burgundy, 1433–1477'', (G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1908), 69–71.〕 was a fine amateur artist, and the subject of a biography in 1529; *Anne of Burgundy (c. 1435 – 1508), governess of Mary of Burgundy, married Adrian of Borssele and later Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein; *Raphaël of Burgundy, also called ''Raphaël de Marcatellis'', (c. 1437 – 1508), abbot of the Saint-Bavo Abbey in Gent and the Saint-Peter Abbey in Oudenburg; *Baldwin of Burgundy (c. 1446 – 1508), Lord of Fallais, Peer, Boudour, Sint-Annaland, Lovendegem, Zomergem en Fromont; *Philip of Burgundy (1464–1524), Bishop of Utrecht. Corneille and Anthony were his favorite bastard sons and successively bore the title of ''Grand bâtard de Bourgogne'' (first Corneille and after his death, Anthony). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philip the Good」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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